# From Clicks to Conversions: Architecting Shopping Conversion Candidate Generation at Pinterest

[Pinterest](https://yomu.fyi/company/pinterest) · Pinterest Engineering · Apr 27, 2026

**Type:** Problem & solution

## Summary

Pinterest built a dedicated shopping candidate generation model to optimize for lower-funnel purchase conversions rather than relying strictly on engagement retrieval models. Because offsite conversion events are sparse and delayed, engineers trained a single multi-surface two-tower model using conversion data supplemented by duration-weighted click engagement and unengaged ad impressions as hard negatives. The two-tower retrieval architecture incorporates a parallel DCN v2 and MLP layer structure that allows simultaneous learning from the same inputs without information bottlenecks. Later revisions transitioned the system from a multi-head loss structure to a unified single-head multi-task architecture paired with an advertiser-level objective. Deployed across more than 600 million monthly active users, the system increased shopping conversion volume by 2.3% and boosted return on ad spend by 3.1% for United States shopping campaigns.

## Context

Pinterest's shopping ads retrieval historically relied on engagement-based models that were not designed to optimize for lower-funnel conversions. Modeling offsite conversion actions like checkouts or add-to-carts is technically challenging because offsite advertiser-reported signals are significantly sparser, noisier, and more delayed than onsite user engagement data.

## Approach / What changed

Pinterest built a multi-surface two-tower candidate generation model trained across Homefeed, Related Pins, and Search. The system supplements conversion data with click-duration-weighted engagement signals and unengaged ad impressions for negative sampling. Structurally, the towers employ parallel DCN v2 and MLP layers to eliminate sequential information bottlenecks, alongside a transition from a multi-head design to a unified single-head multi-task architecture featuring an advertiser-level loss objective.

## Takeaways

- Replacing sequential DCN v2 and MLP cross layers with a parallel design yielded an 11% increase in offline recall@1000 by letting both networks learn directly from input features.
- Transitioning to a unified single-head multi-task architecture with an advertiser-level loss function delivered a 42% average increase in recall@100 over the 2023 baseline model.
- Deploying the conversion candidate generation system drove a 2.3% lift in shopping conversion volume, a 1.5% increase in CTR, and a 3.1% improvement in US shopping campaign RoAS.

**Tags:** [Architecture](https://yomu.fyi/topic/architecture), [Machine Learning](https://yomu.fyi/topic/machine-learning), [Recommendation Systems](https://yomu.fyi/topic/recommendation-systems), [Search](https://yomu.fyi/topic/search)

[Read original post](https://medium.com/pinterest-engineering/from-clicks-to-conversions-architecting-shopping-conversion-candidate-generation-at-pinterest-04cae5e1455b)