# Graph concepts and applications

[Grab](https://yomu.fyi/company/grab) · Wenxiang Lu · Jun 2, 2022

**Type:** Explainer

## Summary

Real-world systems generate dynamic, non-random connections that traditional statistical approaches fail to characterize or forecast. Graph models represent these structures through vertices and edges, abstracting complex networks into mathematically tractable relationships. Common data representation formats include the Resource Description Framework (RDF), which models subject-predicate-object triples with IRIs, literals, and blank nodes, and Labeled Property Graphs (LPGs), which store arbitrary key-value properties directly on nodes and edges. Graph databases, derived from the LPG model, treat relationships with equal weight to entities, delivering responsive traversals for highly interconnected systems. While they offer agility and explicit relationship modeling, graph databases lack a standardized query language and remain poorly suited for standard transaction-focused workloads compared to relational databases.

## Context

Real-world networks and systems feature dynamic, interconnected relationships that simple statistical analyses and traditional relational databases struggle to model and query efficiently.

## Approach / What changed

Represent complex networked data using graph structures, data formats like Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Labeled Property Graphs (LPG), and NoSQL graph databases.

## Takeaways

- An RDF graph represents data as triples composed of a subject, predicate, and object using IRIs, literals, and blank nodes.
- Graph databases derive from Labeled Property Graphs, representing data as nodes, directed edges, and arbitrary key-value properties.
- Graph databases excel at querying highly connected relationships in real time but lack a standardized query language and are unsuitable for transaction-focused systems.

**Tags:** [Architecture](https://yomu.fyi/topic/architecture), [Data Pipelines](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-pipelines)

[Read original post](https://engineering.grab.com/graph-concepts)