---
title: "Postgres"
description: "308 posts about Postgres, summarised, each linking to the original."
---

# Postgres
> 308 posts about Postgres, summarised, each linking to the original.

## Articles

### [pg\_graphql v1.0](https://yomu.fyi/post/pg-graphql-v1-0.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: oli\_rice
- Published: Dec 16, 2022
- Type: Announcement

pg\_graphql 1.0 marks the general availability of a PostgreSQL extension that lets databases be queried with GraphQL and formalizes a SemVer-based guarantee against backward-incompatible changes. It was designed for Supabase Free Plan servers with 1 GB of memory, where alternatives such as Hasura and Graphile consumed more memory than the platform could sacrifice. The implementation began with a C parser and SQL transpiler exposed through PostgREST RPC, then moved from SQL to Rust after nested SQL functions, copied state, and JSONB AST processing slowed schema introspection; v0.5.0 completed the rewrite. On Free Plan hardware, version 1.0 adds less than 300 microseconds per request, reaches about 1,060 SQL queries per second per connection, and the full Auth and HTTP stack handles about 645 requests per second, while larger instances exceed 10,000 requests per second.


### [PostgREST 11 pre-release](https://yomu.fyi/post/postgrest-11-pre-release.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: steve\_chavez
- Published: Dec 16, 2022
- Type: Announcement

PostgREST 11 is still in pre-release, with the latest features and fixes available through the Supabase CLI rather than Supabase Cloud. The update improves querying related data with spread operators that flatten one-to-one and many-to-one relationships into the response, avoiding an extra view or function for that shape. Related-table ordering is also supported, such as ordering films by technical\_specs.duration, with the same relationship limitation. Anti-joins and inner-join behavior can be expressed by filtering related resources with is.null or not.is.null; the latter can also be combined with an or filter and is more flexible than the existing !inner modifier. The release can be tried locally with supabase start, and the post asks users to report bugs, suggestions, and ideas.


### [Supabase Vault is now in Beta](https://yomu.fyi/post/supabase-vault-is-now-in-beta.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: michel
- Published: Dec 16, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase Vault is a Postgres extension and accompanying dashboard UI for storing encrypted secrets and encrypting data in database tables, released progressively across the platform and later made available on all Supabase projects. It stores secrets and encryption keys using authenticated encryption on disk, exposes decrypted secrets through a Postgres view, and lets applications use them from SQL in functions, triggers, and webhooks. Its foundation is pgsodium Transparent Column Encryption (TCE), which can encrypt text or bytea values, authenticate associated row columns, and create row-by-row decryption views for encrypted columns. Encryption keys are kept outside the database while only key IDs are stored with encrypted data; Supabase manages root keys in internal backend systems and offers an alternate dashboard endpoint for external decryption, while the post also outlines possible future end-to-end, group, and public-key encryption features.


### [Supabase Wrappers, a Postgres FDW framework written in Rust](https://yomu.fyi/post/supabase-wrappers-a-postgres-fdw-framework-written-in-rust.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: paul\_copplestone,bo\_lu,oli\_rice
- Published: Dec 15, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase Wrappers is an Alpha framework for building PostgreSQL Foreign Data Wrappers that connect databases with external systems, including third-party APIs, through SQL. It initially supports Firebase and Stripe, while wrappers for ClickHouse, BigQuery, and Airtable are under development. The framework extends pgx, a Rust Postgres extension framework, with async support for RESTful API-based wrappers and limited push-down support currently provided as a proof of concept. The post presents Wrappers as a basis for QETL, allowing teams to query, extract, transform, and load remote data through Postgres, either on demand or into local tables, while joining it with operational data. It is released outside official platform support, with potential breaking changes.


### [Multi-factor Authentication via Row Level Security Enforcement](https://yomu.fyi/post/multi-factor-authentication-via-row-level-security-enforcement.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: joel,kangmingtay,stojan
- Published: Dec 14, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase announces the release of multi-factor authentication (MFA) for everyone and describes dashboard Single Sign-On (SSO) as preparation for a future SAML release; SSO is available on Enterprise plans by contacting the company. The implementation starts with Time-Based One-Time Passwords (TOTP), where an authenticator generates a short-lived code from a shared secret and the current time, exchanged through a QR code or entered manually. Enrollment uses /enroll, /challenge, and /verify, while subsequent sign-ins require a challenge and verification before a JWT is issued with Authenticator Assurance Level (AAL) and Authenticator Method Reference (AMR) claims. Those claims support full or selective enforcement through restrictive Postgres Row Level Security policies, including checks that require aal2 or require it only for users with verified MFA factors; planned additions include WebAuthn, FIDO2 devices, and email notifications.


### [pg\_crdt - an experimental CRDT extension for Postgres](https://yomu.fyi/post/pg-crdt-an-experimental-crdt-extension-for-postgres.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: paul\_copplestone
- Published: Dec 10, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase announces pg\_crdt, an experimental Postgres extension that adds CRDT support as a data type for collaborative and offline-oriented applications. It frames CRDTs as structures whose updates can be merged in any order to reach the same final state, avoiding the last-write-wins behavior of ordinary arrays. A content column can use crdt.ydoc, backed by Yjs, while the extension also supports Automerge through Rust libraries wrapped with pgx. The post contrasts storing CRDTs directly in Postgres with making Realtime an authoritative server, favoring the database-centered approach for simpler architecture and broader tooling, while noting that the decision is unsettled and pg\_crdt is not released on the Supabase platform. Known limitations include full-document WAL broadcasts, increased WAL and dead tuples for frequently updated documents, and serialization overhead for large CRDT values.


### [Supabase Beta November 2022](https://yomu.fyi/post/supabase-beta-november-2022.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: ant\_wilson
- Published: Dec 7, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase’s November 2022 update previews Launch Week 6 while reporting a smaller set of product releases and community activity. Remix Auth Helpers are now available for server-side authentication, updated for supabase-js V2 and usable with TypeScript; the post also introduces the Edgy Edge Functions YouTube series and three examples covering OG image generation, Oak API servers, and Puppeteer screenshots. Product fixes address auth.signOut cookies and session removal, magic links can be customized with {{ .TokenHash }}, functions support redirects, and Supabase can be installed through Conda. The update also announces a Fireship course building a Reddit-inspired app with Supabase, PostgreSQL, and React, alongside a broad list of community resources and projects.


### [Logbook: November 14 to December 5, 2022](https://yomu.fyi/post/logbook-november-14-to-december-5-2022.md)
- Company: [Fly.io](https://yomu.fyi/company/fly-io.md)
- Published: Dec 6, 2022
- Type: Announcement

An edition of Fly’s Logbook covering November 14 to December 5, 2022 collects updates and tutorials for building and operating applications on Fly. It features a real-time collaboration example that connects Replicache with WebSockets and Fly-Replay, plus a LiveWire walkthrough for streaming server content to browsers and another for unloading data during large-dataset pagination. A separate guide explains how to run Supercronic from Fly Dockerfiles when precise cron timing is needed beyond Fly Machines’ monthly, weekly, daily, and hourly scheduling options. The edition also recounts how Fly Postgres was built, despite Fly’s stated preference for off-platform database services such as RDS, CrunchyData, and PlanetScale. The post notes that the update followed a longer break while many Fly staff spent time with family over Thanksgiving.


### [How We Built Fly Postgres](https://yomu.fyi/post/how-we-built-fly-postgres.md)
- Company: [Fly.io](https://yomu.fyi/company/fly-io.md)
- Published: Nov 29, 2022
- Type: Explainer

Fly.io describes how it built Fly Postgres as an automated database app rather than a managed database service. After initially resisting durable storage and database work, the company added attached disk storage and designed a deployable Postgres application with convenience commands, using Postgres streaming replication, Stolon, and Consul to support high availability. A two-node cluster can designate a writable leader and asynchronous standby, while Stolon’s sentinels, keepers, and proxies coordinate state, elect a replacement leader, and route connections; Consul introduces an additional failure mode. Backups use point-in-time, block-level snapshots of the volume, a platform capability that can also support other file-system databases. The post concludes that automated Postgres serves many apps, while managed database partnerships may suit users seeking a simpler experience.


### [SQL or NoSQL? Why not use both (with PostgreSQL)?](https://yomu.fyi/post/sql-or-nosql-why-not-use-both-with-postgresql.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: burggraf
- Published: Nov 24, 2022
- Type: Explainer

The post compares SQL and NoSQL storage for an application that records daily food, water, exercise, weight, and notes, focusing on the tension between easy document writes and later analysis. It proposes using PostgreSQL as a hybrid: keep core fields such as date, user\_id, weight, and notes in relational columns, while storing food\_log, water\_log, and exercise\_log as JSONB fields. For analysis, PostgreSQL's jsonb\_array\_elements expands arrays into rows; ->> extracts text, -> returns JSON, and numeric values such as calories must be cast to INTEGER before aggregation, with a common table expression used to work around the restriction on set-returning functions inside aggregate calls. The examples show daily calorie totals and a search for garlic bread returning 200 calories, supporting the conclusion that JSONB can simplify storage while SQL preserves querying and analysis capabilities.


### [Flutter Authorization with RLS](https://yomu.fyi/post/flutter-authorization-with-rls.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: tyler\_shukert
- Published: Nov 22, 2022
- Type: Tutorial

This tutorial extends a Flutter real-time chat app by adding authorization and one-to-one conversations backed by Supabase. It introduces a rooms page for starting conversations and listing existing rooms, while flutter\_bloc coordinates profile and message data across the rooms and chats pages. The database changes add rooms and room\_participants tables, connect messages to rooms, expose create\_new\_room for reusing or creating a two-user room, and register deep links for email confirmation on iOS and Android. SQL RLS policies then restrict room, participant, and message reads to participants and require message inserts to use the caller's profile ID, producing a real-time chat app with authentication and authorization.


### [Fetching and caching Supabase data in Next.js 13 Server Components](https://yomu.fyi/post/fetching-and-caching-supabase-data-in-next-js-13-server-components.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: jonmeyers\_io
- Published: Nov 17, 2022
- Type: Tutorial

The article demonstrates data fetching and caching with Supabase in Next.js 13’s experimental app directory, focusing on Server Components and Suspense. It creates a posts table, configures a Supabase client, and uses async components to fetch data without manually managing loading states. The examples cover static generation, dynamic routes with generateStaticParams, time-based revalidation, client-side fetching, and a realtime pattern that combines server-rendered initial data with a client subscription to Postgres changes. The article notes that Next.js 13 is stable while the app directory remains in beta, and concludes that separating caching from fetching lets applications change freshness requirements without replacing their data-fetching logic.


### [Authentication in Ionic Angular with Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/post/authentication-in-ionic-angular-with-supabase.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: simon\_grimm
- Published: Nov 8, 2022
- Type: Tutorial

The tutorial builds a simple realtime messaging app with Ionic Angular and Supabase, covering account authentication and database protection. It defines Postgres tables for users, groups, and messages, enables Row Level Security with policies for public reads and authenticated operations, and adds a trigger to copy newly registered users into a public users table. Angular services, route guards, and Supabase client logic handle email/password registration and login, session state, protected navigation, and magic links. For native apps, Capacitor URL events extract access and refresh tokens from a custom-scheme callback before establishing the session and navigating to the groups page. The tutorial concludes that Supabase can support Ionic Angular authentication with magic links, while phone authentication through Twilio is another possible option.


### [Logbook: October 29 to November 6, 2022](https://yomu.fyi/post/logbook-october-29-to-november-6-2022.md)
- Company: [Fly.io](https://yomu.fyi/company/fly-io.md)
- Published: Nov 8, 2022
- Type: Announcement

This weekly logbook covering October 29 through November 6, 2022 reports updates across Elixir, Postgres, Laravel Livewire, Redis, and Fly Machines. Chris McCord describes how React inspired Elixir LiveView, while revamped Elixir documentation and Livewire tutorials cover client-side pagination, grouping, sorting, and browser notifications from the server. Fly’s revised Postgres documentation distinguishes the tools it provides for provisioning and managing a cluster from the responsibilities customers retain, and points readers to managed Postgres services. The Fly Redis dashboard command opens the Upstash Redis console with instance statistics and connection instructions, while a Fly Machines preview supports defining multiple processes to run inside one container; the log also notes updated documentation and a required CLI version update.


### [Supabase Beta October 2022](https://yomu.fyi/post/supabase-beta-october-2022.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: ant\_wilson
- Published: Nov 2, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase’s October 2022 update reports a broad set of product, documentation, and community releases, while announcing that Launch Week 6 will run from December 12–16. The new supabase-js v2 and supabase-flutter v1 SDKs reached full release, alongside a revamped Next.js quickstart with pre-built Auth UI and Auth Helpers and a Next.js 13 example for fetching and caching data from the Serverless API. Documentation covers Supabase Auth’s server-side rendering flow, and a database-testing framework uses pgTAP and pg\_prove; Edge Functions also gained support for GET, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE requests. Additional changes include functions support in supabase-py, session refreshing, provider refresh tokens, request-location detection through X-Forwarded-For, expanded logging, and storage downloads via a query parameter, alongside three featured community apps and hiring announcements.


### [Logbook: October 21 to 28, 2022](https://yomu.fyi/post/logbook-october-21-to-28-2022.md)
- Company: [Fly.io](https://yomu.fyi/company/fly-io.md)
- Published: Oct 31, 2022
- Type: Announcement

This weekly Logbook changes format from tracking every monthly change to an over-generalized weekly tl;dr of Fly.io updates intended to help with deploying or managing apps. It reports new Postgres documentation for performing failovers, regional failovers, setting up and attaching a database, and migrating one from Heroku, while warning that Fly Postgres is not fully managed and requires customer monitoring. The post also points to an example of integrating the Elastic Stack (ELK) with a Laravel app for user analytics and reporting, plus instructions for shutting down an idle Phoenix app on Fly Machines after a configurable period without requests. It explains that newly launched Fly apps do not yet deploy to Machines in the same way, while fly pg create does use Fly Machines, and directs readers to comparisons of the app versions. Finally, it notes colorblind-friendly dashboard improvements and previews more Postgres documentation work.


### [What is PostgreSQL commitfest and how to contribute](https://yomu.fyi/post/what-is-postgresql-commitfest-and-how-to-contribute.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: pavel
- Published: Oct 27, 2022
- Type: Tutorial

PostgreSQL Commitfest is the community's month-long review process for patches intended for merging into core. Contributors submit patches to pgsql-hackers, create a Git branch from master, consolidate changes, generate a versioned patch, and associate its mailing-list thread with an open Commitfest entry. The process expects authors to explain rationale, respond to review, rebase or revise patches, and review a comparable number of other patches. Submitted changes are checked by CFBot across architectures and operating systems, while statuses such as "Needs review," "Ready for committer," and "Waiting on author" track progress. Commitfests occur five times yearly, with the March event tied to feature-freeze for the October major release.


### [Postgres Full Text Search vs the rest](https://yomu.fyi/post/postgres-full-text-search-vs-the-rest.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: victor
- Published: Oct 14, 2022
- Type: Benchmark

The post compares PostgreSQL Full Text Search with dedicated search engines including MeiliSearch, OpenSearch, SQLite FTS, and Typesense, asking whether a separate system is justified for common application search. It presents a PostgreSQL setup using a generated stored column built with to\_tsvector('english', ...) and a GIN index, queried with websearch\_to\_tsquery. The benchmark loads a movie dataset and focuses on query speed after data ingestion, using comparable scripts and default configurations with limited tuning. PostgreSQL was close in performance to several alternatives; in-memory SQLite was fastest, while Typesense and MeiliSearch handled misspellings correctly and OpenSearch ingested data quickly. The conclusion is that PostgreSQL can provide good-enough search quality and speed for basic cases without adding another system, although dedicated engines offer capabilities PostgreSQL does not.


### [Supabase Beta September 2022](https://yomu.fyi/post/supabase-beta-september-2022.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: ant\_wilson
- Published: Oct 5, 2022
- Type: Announcement

Supabase’s September 2022 update centers on reducing technical debt and clearing its backlog after five Launch Weeks. The team ran three Kaizen weeks focused respectively on QA and testing, documentation, and issue backlog and automation, closing over 250 open issues and 50 pull requests while pausing feature development. Product releases included Auth UI, a pre-built React component for Supabase Auth with custom themes and extensible styles, plus an open-source Postgres WASM release with Snaplet for running Postgres in a browser through an embeddable Linux Virtual Machine. Security changes to Dashboard database interactions simplify permissions and reduce the security surface area; they were scheduled for automatic application in November or could be run earlier through the Dashboard. Other updates covered Edge Functions, documentation, migration tooling, and community projects.


### [Postgres WASM by Snaplet and Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/post/postgres-wasm-by-snaplet-and-supabase.md)
- Company: [Supabase](https://yomu.fyi/company/supabase.md)
- Author: burggraf
- Published: Oct 3, 2022
- Type: Explainer

Supabase and Snaplet open-sourced postgres-wasm, a PostgreSQL server that runs inside a browser and supports browser persistence, pg\_dump restoration, and logical replication with a remote database. Rather than compiling PostgreSQL directly to WebAssembly, the project packages a stripped-down Linux image with PostgreSQL in a Buildroot-based virtual machine, then runs it through v86 in the browser. PostgreSQL 14 startup failures were resolved by disabling v86 JIT compilation, while image optimization used a compressed 9P filesystem, asynchronous HTTPS loading, and page\_poison=on to produce an initial state of about 12MB. Websocket proxying provides outbound connectivity and a forked proxy with nginx tunnels incoming connections to PostgreSQL. The project remains experimental because the download is currently about 30MB, but the post identifies offline data, testing, development environments, snapshots, and support as potential uses.


[Newer posts](https://yomu.fyi/topic/postgres/page/9.md) · [Older posts](https://yomu.fyi/topic/postgres/page/11.md)