---
title: "Visual Explainers — page 2"
description: "Visual introductions to the engineering concepts behind the tools we use."
---

# Visual Explainers — page 2
> Visual introductions to the engineering concepts behind the tools we use.

## Visual Explainers

### [AI-DLC Architecture: One Spec Spine Through Inception, Design, and Construction](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/ai-dlc-architecture-one-spec-spine-through-inception-design-and-construction.md)
- Type: Architecture
- Tags: [Agentic Development](https://yomu.fyi/topic/agentic-development.md), [AI-DLC](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-dlc.md), [Coding Agents](https://yomu.fyi/topic/coding-agents.md), [Human-in-the-Loop](https://yomu.fyi/topic/human-in-the-loop.md), [Kiro IDE](https://yomu.fyi/topic/kiro-ide.md), [Verification](https://yomu.fyi/topic/verification.md)

AI-DLC is an AI-driven development lifecycle that runs delivery through Inception, Design, and Construction, with specs, steering files, and hooks keeping agents aligned to agreed intent.

### [AWS Glue vs. Transform-at-Ingest: Where Should the Work Happen?](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/aws-glue-vs-transform-at-ingest-where-should-the-work-happen.md)
- Type: Comparison
- Tags: [Apache Spark](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apache-spark.md), [AWS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/aws.md), [AWS Glue](https://yomu.fyi/topic/aws-glue.md), [Cost Optimization](https://yomu.fyi/topic/cost-optimization.md), [Data Pipelines](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-pipelines.md), [ETL](https://yomu.fyi/topic/etl.md)

AWS Glue runs serverless Spark jobs that transform data in batches; engine-native pipelines transform during ingestion. This comparison shows how to pick between them by freshness, cost, and data fidelity.

### [One Pool, Many Engines: The Architecture of Apple Silicon](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/one-pool-many-engines-the-architecture-of-apple-silicon.md)
- Type: Architecture
- Tags: [Apple](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apple.md), [Apple Silicon](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apple-silicon.md), [GPU](https://yomu.fyi/topic/gpu.md), [macOS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/macos.md), [MLX](https://yomu.fyi/topic/mlx.md), [MPS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/mps.md)

Apple Silicon's defining choice is one shared memory pool for CPU, GPU, and Neural Engine. This diagram maps that fabric, the on-package bandwidth it buys, and the scaling limits it imposes.

### [Prevent, Verify, Contain: The Three Bills of AI Safety](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/prevent-verify-contain-the-three-bills-of-ai-safety.md)
- Type: Trade-offs
- Tags: [AI Safety](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-safety.md), [Evaluation](https://yomu.fyi/topic/evaluation.md), [Guardrails](https://yomu.fyi/topic/guardrails.md), [Human-in-the-Loop](https://yomu.fyi/topic/human-in-the-loop.md), [Sandboxing](https://yomu.fyi/topic/sandboxing.md), [Verifiers](https://yomu.fyi/topic/verifiers.md)

AI safety is a budget: prevention, verification, and containment each buy different protection at a different cost. This map shows what each control costs and when it pays off.

### [How Apache DataFusion Runs SQL In-Process](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/how-apache-datafusion-runs-sql-in-process.md)
- Type: How it works
- Tags: [Apache Arrow](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apache-arrow.md), [Apache DataFusion](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apache-datafusion.md), [Data Engineering](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-engineering.md), [Parquet](https://yomu.fyi/topic/parquet.md), [Rust](https://yomu.fyi/topic/rust.md), [SQL](https://yomu.fyi/topic/sql.md), [UDF](https://yomu.fyi/topic/udf.md)

Apache DataFusion is an embeddable query engine: SQL goes in, runs as columnar Arrow batches inside your own process, and results come out without a separate service.

### [How MaaS Governance Wraps a Model Endpoint on AKS](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/how-maas-governance-wraps-a-model-endpoint-on-aks.md)
- Type: How it works
- Tags: [AI Gateway](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-gateway.md), [AKS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/aks.md), [Authentication](https://yomu.fyi/topic/authentication.md), [Azure](https://yomu.fyi/topic/azure.md), [Kubernetes](https://yomu.fyi/topic/kubernetes.md), [Rate Limiting](https://yomu.fyi/topic/rate-limiting.md)

A model deployed on AKS is open by default. See how MaaS policies insert Authorino authentication and Limitador rate limits in front of vLLM, so bad keys and over-quota requests stop at the gate.

### [How to Run an Agent Loop That Actually Converges](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/how-to-run-an-agent-loop-that-actually-converges.md)
- Type: How to
- Tags: [Agents](https://yomu.fyi/topic/agents.md), [AI Agents](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-agents.md), [Coding Agents](https://yomu.fyi/topic/coding-agents.md), [Evaluation](https://yomu.fyi/topic/evaluation.md), [Tool Calling](https://yomu.fyi/topic/tool-calling.md)

A four-checkpoint how-to for agent loops: name a measurable job, bound the tool surface, refresh sandbox fixtures from real traffic, and verify at agent speed.

### [APAC Is Not One Region: The Regionalize vs. Standardize Tradeoff](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/apac-is-not-one-region-the-regionalize-vs-standardize-tradeoff.md)
- Type: Trade-offs
- Tags: [APAC](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apac.md), [Compliance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/compliance.md), [Data Residency](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-residency.md), [Data Sovereignty](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-sovereignty.md), [Localization](https://yomu.fyi/topic/localization.md), [Regional Availability](https://yomu.fyi/topic/regional-availability.md)

APAC is a federation of markets, not a single deployment region. This diagram maps the tradeoff between local autonomy and one shared platform, and the conditions that decide it.

### [The AMR Surveillance Stack: From Raw Reads to Governed Answers](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/the-amr-surveillance-stack-from-raw-reads-to-governed-answers.md)
- Type: Architecture
- Tags: [AI Agents](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-agents.md), [Antimicrobial Resistance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/antimicrobial-resistance.md), [Biology](https://yomu.fyi/topic/biology.md), [Data Governance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-governance.md), [Healthcare](https://yomu.fyi/topic/healthcare.md), [Public Health](https://yomu.fyi/topic/public-health.md)

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is a layered data architecture: raw reads and demand signals flow in, get normalized into governed tables, and answer plain-language queries. The diagram maps each boundary.

### [Where Amazon Bedrock Sits: A Layered Architecture for Grounded Agents](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/where-amazon-bedrock-sits-a-layered-architecture-for-grounded-agents.md)
- Type: Architecture
- Tags: [AI Agents](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-agents.md), [Amazon Bedrock](https://yomu.fyi/topic/amazon-bedrock.md), [Architecture](https://yomu.fyi/topic/architecture.md), [AWS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/aws.md), [Guardrails](https://yomu.fyi/topic/guardrails.md), [Strands Agents SDK](https://yomu.fyi/topic/strands-agents-sdk.md)

Amazon Bedrock is the managed reasoning tier in an agent architecture, not the whole system. This layered view shows the pipelines, governed tables, query layer, and guardrails around it.

### [Car Rental: A Search Layer, a Contract, and a Handover](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/car-rental-a-search-layer-a-contract-and-a-handover.md)
- Type: What is it?
- Tags: [Car Rental](https://yomu.fyi/topic/car-rental.md), [E-commerce](https://yomu.fyi/topic/e-commerce.md), [Logistics](https://yomu.fyi/topic/logistics.md), [Marketplace](https://yomu.fyi/topic/marketplace.md), [Pricing](https://yomu.fyi/topic/pricing.md)

A car rental is a search layer over many fleets plus a contract enforced at the counter. This explainer maps its four parts and why the advertised daily rate never equals the total cost.

### [How Caddy Serves a Static Site: The Request Flow](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/how-caddy-serves-a-static-site-the-request-flow.md)
- Type: How it works
- Tags: [Caddy](https://yomu.fyi/topic/caddy.md), [DNS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/dns.md), [Docker](https://yomu.fyi/topic/docker.md), [Fly](https://yomu.fyi/topic/fly.md), [Hugo](https://yomu.fyi/topic/hugo.md), [TLS](https://yomu.fyi/topic/tls.md)

See how Caddy handles a request for a static site, from DNS resolution through container routing to file\_server, and how TLS and redirects fit into the flow.

### [How BYOK Works: Your Key and Knowledge at Request Time](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/how-byok-works-your-key-and-knowledge-at-request-time.md)
- Type: How it works
- Tags: [AI Gateway](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-gateway.md), [AI Governance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-governance.md), [Auditability](https://yomu.fyi/topic/auditability.md), [BYOC](https://yomu.fyi/topic/byoc.md), [BYOK](https://yomu.fyi/topic/byok.md), [Data Governance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-governance.md)

BYOK lets a system run on assets you supply — your model credential or your private knowledge — instead of the vendor's defaults. This walkthrough traces six steps from registration to an audited response.

### [BYOC in Five Checkpoints: Name, Split, Land, Govern, Operate](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/byoc-in-five-checkpoints-name-split-land-govern-operate.md)
- Type: How to
- Tags: [BYOC](https://yomu.fyi/topic/byoc.md), [Compliance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/compliance.md), [Data Residency](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-residency.md), [Data Sovereignty](https://yomu.fyi/topic/data-sovereignty.md), [IAM](https://yomu.fyi/topic/iam.md), [Multi-tenant](https://yomu.fyi/topic/multi-tenant.md)

A five-checkpoint walkthrough of BYOC: name the control you need, split control and data planes, build the landing zone, govern data in place, then operate inside your own tenant.

### [Buy Now, Pay Later: Conversion Now, Settlement Risk Later](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/buy-now-pay-later-conversion-now-settlement-risk-later.md)
- Type: Trade-offs
- Tags: [Buy Now, Pay Later](https://yomu.fyi/topic/buy-now-pay-later.md), [E-commerce](https://yomu.fyi/topic/e-commerce.md), [Fintech](https://yomu.fyi/topic/fintech.md), [Fraud Prevention](https://yomu.fyi/topic/fraud-prevention.md), [Payments](https://yomu.fyi/topic/payments.md), [Risk Modeling](https://yomu.fyi/topic/risk-modeling.md)

Buy Now, Pay Later is a deferred-settlement trade-off: merchants gain conversion while underwriting, fraud, and collections risk move elsewhere. This diagram maps the benefit, the cost, and the condition that decides.

### [Brand: Artifact vs Operating System](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/brand-artifact-vs-operating-system.md)
- Type: Comparison
- Tags: [Brand](https://yomu.fyi/topic/brand.md), [Design Systems](https://yomu.fyi/topic/design-system.md), [Developer Experience](https://yomu.fyi/topic/developer-experience.md), [Onboarding](https://yomu.fyi/topic/onboarding.md), [Privacy](https://yomu.fyi/topic/privacy.md), [Trust](https://yomu.fyi/topic/trust.md)

Compare two mental models for brand: a static artifact (logos, guidelines, centralized control) and a living operating system (values, APIs, support, trust). See which choices fit your engineering team.

### [Five Checkpoints to Bitwise-Deterministic Training Runs](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/five-checkpoints-to-bitwise-deterministic-training-runs.md)
- Type: How to
- Tags: [Bitwise Determinism](https://yomu.fyi/topic/bitwise-determinism.md), [Debugging](https://yomu.fyi/topic/debugging.md), [Determinism](https://yomu.fyi/topic/determinism.md), [GPU](https://yomu.fyi/topic/gpu.md), [Multi-GPU](https://yomu.fyi/topic/multi-gpu.md), [Testing](https://yomu.fyi/topic/testing.md)

A five-checkpoint workflow for making large-scale training runs bitwise reproducible: pick the guarantee, fingerprint the run, and trace divergence down to the kernel.

### [What an App Store Actually Is: A Contract, a Surface, and a Health Loop](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/what-an-app-store-actually-is-a-contract-a-surface-and-a-health-loop.md)
- Type: What is it?
- Tags: [API Versioning](https://yomu.fyi/topic/api-versioning.md), [App Store](https://yomu.fyi/topic/app-store.md), [Developer Experience](https://yomu.fyi/topic/developer-experience.md), [Developer Platform](https://yomu.fyi/topic/developer-platform.md), [Integration](https://yomu.fyi/topic/integration.md), [Marketplace](https://yomu.fyi/topic/marketplace.md)

An app store is a distribution surface, a versioned contract, and a health loop between a platform and its developers. Here is how those parts fit together and why each one fails loudly if ignored.

### [API Versioning as a Translation Layer](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/api-versioning-as-a-translation-layer.md)
- Type: Architecture
- Tags: [API](https://yomu.fyi/topic/api.md), [API Versioning](https://yomu.fyi/topic/api-versioning.md), [Architecture](https://yomu.fyi/topic/architecture.md), [Developer Platform](https://yomu.fyi/topic/developer-platform.md), [REST APIs](https://yomu.fyi/topic/rest-api.md), [Webhooks](https://yomu.fyi/topic/webhooks.md)

API versioning as an architecture: requests enter through a version header, pass through a chain of reversible version changes, and reach controllers that only ever see the latest model.

### [APRA CPS 230: Building an AI Stack You Can Swap Out](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/apra-cps-230-building-an-ai-stack-you-can-swap-out.md)
- Type: How it works
- Tags: [AI Governance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/ai-governance.md), [API Gateway](https://yomu.fyi/topic/api-gateway.md), [APRA](https://yomu.fyi/topic/apra.md), [Auditability](https://yomu.fyi/topic/auditability.md), [Australia](https://yomu.fyi/topic/australia.md), [Compliance](https://yomu.fyi/topic/compliance.md)

APRA's April 2026 letter flags single-provider concentration as a CPS 230 risk, so AI stacks need a rehearsed substitution path. This flow maps five stages, from workload classification to provider swap.

[Newer explainers](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers.md) · [Older explainers](https://yomu.fyi/visual-explainers/page/3.md)