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MoQ
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Shipping Media Over QUIC at Meta Scale for Instagram Live Ingest
Meta deployed Media over QUIC (MoQ), an emerging IETF standard built on QUIC, as the transport for live video ingest on Instagram Live across iOS and Android. MoQ provides independent streams that avoid head-of-line blocking, native relay-based fan-out and caching, tunable per-subscription latency from about 100 ms to several seconds, and track-aware delivery where relays can drop or prioritize objects. To replace the in-house RUSH protocol without disrupting production, Meta integrated the open-source moxygen library, placed a translation layer at edge endpoints to convert MoQ frames to RUSH, and used server-side routing for rapid experiment ramp-up and rollback. After months of experimentation, the MoQ path matched RUSH across all streaming-quality indicators and reliability measures, achieving metric parity as the rollout target. This production-tested foundation enables Meta to extend MoQ to end-to-end live delivery and real-time interactive AI services, simplifying multiple protocol stacks into one.
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