Loading…
Latest reads
Every post, summarised
Grounded summaries of engineering blogs, newest first. Each links to the original.
- 4,671 posts
- 20 companies
The Good Stuff
Paid picks we use ourselves. Links carry a referral code — a subscription through one earns us a commission at no extra cost to you.
Latest posts
Part 5: Operating an LLM system: observability, cost, routing, and the platform underneath
Level 5 covers operability for LLM systems: daily running, cost control, provider outage survival, and fast shutdown on misbehavior. A single gateway funnels all model traffic, measuring cost, routing requests, enabling failover, and hosting an instantaneous kill switch; a shared decision_id threads metrics, logs, traces, and the audit ledger. Observability supplements RED metrics with a decision layer capturing auto vs. human splits, guardrail blocks, judge disagreements, token spend per tenant and capability, and shadow-eval pass ratios via tiered structured logs. Cost controls attribute spending at the gateway per tenant and capability, with hard budget ceilings; optimization follows order: skip model, batch, cache, right-size, trim—each step profiled against quality. The platform spine includes stateless agent services, the gateway, an audit datastore, cache, secrets store, and object storage—scoped with least-privilege IAM and encryption, avoiding queues or vector stores until warranted.
Announcing the new Intercom Messenger - The Intercom Blog
Intercom announced a new messenger after a year-long development effort, its biggest project ever, taking ten times longer than typical releases, during which the team explored bots and machine learning. The messenger addresses the gap between consumer messaging trends and outdated business methods like email and live chat, which customers find impersonal. It offers three message formats (Chat, Notes, Posts), different delivery modes (interruptive or discreet), and lightweight replies with emoji reactions. The messenger supports customization like color and wallpaper, provides native experiences on web, iOS, and Android, and integrates with multiple channels like web, push, in-app, and social media. Built on the Intercom platform, it uses customer data to personalize messages for 13,000 businesses, with future plans for conversational UIs, bots, and AI to invent the future of business communication.
How we redesigned our blog, Inside Intercom - The Intercom Blog
Intercom redesigned its blog, Inside Intercom, because the volume of articles, podcasts, books, and videos had outpaced the old design’s ability to help readers discover and consume content. The new homepage employs a magazine-like hierarchy on a solid grid, featuring a lead article with secondary and tertiary items, while podcasts now have their own category with an inline player for seamless listening. Two new categories for Startups and Marketing, along with reading enhancements like estimated reading times and progress bars and the removal of the pop-up newsletter signup, improve the user experience. Typography pairs Tiempos serif with Akkurat Pro sans-serif to create an editorial feel, and custom illustrations by a diverse range of artists plus hand-painted author portraits by Jon Stich add a personal touch. The redesign, led by designer Maria Gonzalez and developer Daniel Husar, aims to make content discovery simpler and reflects Intercom’s design-led culture.
Ways to think about customer onboarding - The Intercom Blog
Customer onboarding is critical, yet most apps lose half their new users by the second day because it fails to deliver real value. Instead of focusing on feature adoption like creating a to-do list, onboarding should help users achieve their ultimate goal, such as delivering a project on time, turning them into superheroes. The Jobs-to-be-Done framework reveals the motivations driving sign-ups, enabling segmentation and tailored onboarding flows for groups with similar needs. The four forces model adds context by showing push and pull factors when users switch, maximizing forces for change like long email trails and minimizing resistance like switching anxiety. Finally, behavior-based messaging should be scheduled by time with a priority list rather than predefined sequences, avoiding the complexity of N-dimensional decision trees, as implemented in Intercom’s Smart Campaigns.
Content as a growth engine for your business - The Intercom Blog
Content marketing advice often focuses on promotion rather than the substance of the content itself, leaving businesses without a clear strategy. Drawing on his experience leading Intercom’s content team and two decades as a journalist, John Collins argues for evergreen content that addresses timeless themes like filing a good bug report rather than news events. Evergreen content decays slowly and provides a compound return, with analysis showing it grows traffic three times faster than news-focused blogs over a year. He applies a journalist’s 5W and 1H framework—who, what, where, when, why, how—to plan content strategy, emphasizing that specialists should write, topics should help customers solve problems, and content must be relevant to the business. Collins concludes with four key takeaways: stay committed for the long term, make content relevant, impose a high editorial bar, and embrace unexpected benefits like easier hiring.
Build your customer relationships around consistency and trust - The Intercom Blog
The Industrial Revolution scaled business reach but separated owners from customers, forcing service through mail or phone, a pattern that the internet initially continued. Now, consumerization of technology provides tools for human interaction at scale, enabling businesses to return to building personal relationships online. Amazon exemplifies this by minimizing customers’ total cost beyond price—time, mental energy, and uncertainty—through frictionless purchasing, easy returns, and proactive resolution of issues. To build trust, businesses must help customers succeed, invest in relationships by being generous and never transactional, and be available on customers’ preferred messaging apps like Messenger or WhatsApp without requiring repeated context. Consistent behavior over time builds brand reputation, and businesses should engage on review sites and social media to shape their message and earn trust, as perception eventually matches reality.
Inside Intercom New York startup panel - The Intercom Blog
At an Intercom World Tour panel in New York, founders from Augment, an AR platform; Greenhouse, recruiting software; and Hello Alfred, on-demand home services, shared lessons on building emerging technologies. Mike Boufford of Greenhouse described fixing bugs by chatting with customers and deploying fixes within minutes, demonstrating how product and support intertwine. Christian Bjelland of Hello Alfred explained that their service must advocate for customers when real-world problems like lost laundry occur, requiring quick reactions. On growth, Boufford advised proving product-market fit before raising money, while Bjelland stressed dense, sustainable growth in specific zip codes to maintain quality. Lindsay Boyajian of Augment noted that no AR platform existed before, so constant user feedback and rapid iteration are critical to building a useful product.
Design in the age of entanglement - The Intercom Blog
The post argues that product design has entered a fourth era, the age of entanglement, following three earlier phases: augmentation, the PC era, and the web era. The author claims that three overlapping technology trends that made innovation predictable are ending, creating uncertainty. Designers now face a complex web of interconnected ideas, technologies, and systems that no single person can fully grasp. The post advises designers to think in systems, build one thing at a time from the center outward, and observe and iterate based on real-world reactions. It suggests that this uncertainty may be a return to a more natural state, where technology takes its rightfully uncertain place in the world.
Get To Know Your Users - The Intercom Blog
Startups need a comprehensive view of their users, but customer information is often scattered across separate systems like databases, support apps, and emails, creating data silos. Intercom today launched a unified user profile screen that aggregates profile data (e.g., company role), business data (e.g., plan), activity data (e.g., login frequency), and communication data (e.g., past conversations) into one authoritative view. This screen answers key questions such as who the user is, how often they use the app, whether they have seen announcements, and if anyone has spoken with them recently. When customer data is siloed, companies may email inactive users or ignore influential signups, costing them customers and leaving them clueless about churn. By simplifying user research by an order of magnitude, the tool enables proactive, targeted communication that improves loyalty and changes how products are designed.
Inside Intercom London startup panel - The Intercom Blog
At the first Inside Intercom World Tour stop in London, startup founders Bridget Harris, Will Swannell, and James Blackwell shared insights on building great products. On pricing, James advised setting it at the high end you think you can get away with, while Bridget regretted offering a free product that forced later price increases; Will argued simplicity is key, with the cost answer in two words. For hiring, Bridget uses a process of elimination to avoid bad hires and recommends remote options; Will noted HR’s importance is often underestimated. On funding, Will said crowdfunding builds a community of buyers, while Bridget warned VC funding changes priorities. The panel also stressed measuring customer acquisition through each interaction to profit, treating every interaction as a sales opportunity, and ensuring the product solves a real problem; James added that great products create moments of delight when things just work.
How users understand new products - The Intercom Blog
Users form different mental models of the same product based on their experiences and assumptions, as illustrated by the “draw toast” exercise where people depict the process in diverse ways. When a product’s system model—how it actually works—aligns with a user’s mental model, the interface feels intuitive; a mismatch causes confusion. To discover these mental models, product teams should talk to users, ask them to draw how they believe the product works, and listen to the nouns and verbs they use. Designers can bridge gaps by employing standard interface patterns (e.g., buttons that behave like buttons), using customers’ own language, and leveraging metaphors like Apple Wallet’s ticket-like appearance or Nest’s dial-based thermostat interface. When a product cannot mirror existing mental models, teams can educate users through tutorials and walkthroughs, similar to video game onboarding, helping customers learn new concepts and quickly grasp the product’s value.
How A/B Testing Can Help Your Team Prioritize, Not Just Validate
A/B testing can help teams prioritize projects by forcing them to estimate effect sizes and required sample sizes before committing resources. The most common mistake is calling tests too early based on statistical significance without sufficient statistical power, leading to unreliable results. To run a test correctly, teams should estimate the expected KPI improvement, use a sample size calculator to determine test duration, and decide if the wait is worthwhile. For example, a complete signup flow redesign expected to boost conversion from 10% to 15% requires 24 times less data than a color change expected to lift it to 11%, and a non-significant result can still be useful. Startups with limited traffic should focus on large, high-potential changes to avoid working towards a local maximum, while larger companies with high traffic can profitably test small optimizations.
Content strategy: How words build a product - The Intercom Blog
Words in a product evolve like the Ship of Theseus, with each change affecting identity; the term “page” long constrained web design, showing how working titles gain unintended baggage. Intercom’s content strategy transforms this organic dialect into an intentional one, addressing team silos and UI inconsistencies. They categorized every visible word—objects, views, people, actions—into a taxonomy and glossary that gave consistency and control over how each part is described and how parts relate. They interviewed all teams to map natural vocabularies, discovering job-related differences and treating them as assets. Finally, they derived three UI writing principles: speak naturally, speak directly to the user but never for the user, and guide users through complex ideas, recommending that content strategy start after discovering the organic voice already present.
Give Your Customers Best Practices, Not Just FAQs - The Intercom Blog
Most companies invest heavily in acquisition content but neglect post-signup support, leaving customers with poorly written FAQs and contributing to high churn rates. Intercom advocates replacing isolated how-tos with best practice content that teaches customers how to get the most from a product. The approach includes giving the entire lesson, using real-life customer examples, writing about how the team uses the product, mirroring customer language, and revisiting content often. Practical techniques include breaking tasks into quick wins, using bullet points and screenshots, embedding videos, and leveraging a bot for automated answers. The goal is to empower customers to self-serve, reducing support contacts and building long-term loyalty.
Understanding your customers with live chat - The Intercom Blog
Sales conversations have shifted from phone calls to live chat, making textual clues the primary way to understand customer urgency and mood. The author’s team uses an Operator bot for initial qualification and then relies on context clues from the dialogue, such as opening style and formality. Customers who open with a direct question signal high priority and expect a fast answer, while those with traditional greetings prefer conversational rapport. Observing details like whether the customer uses formal greetings, technical vocabulary, long essay-style messages, or short abbreviated bursts (common among chat-savvy customers) helps salespeople match tone and use appropriate emojis like the rocket ship for growth or thumbs up for agreement. Successfully interpreting these subtle cues allows salespeople to establish healthy relationships from the first conversation, avoiding the struggle of working “out of the mud.”
Dear customer support. You don’t need that technical degree. - The Intercom Blog
A customer support team for a software company does not need all members to hold technical degrees, according to a post from Intercom’s blog. The team, including Customer Support Representatives and Customer Support Engineers, boasts backgrounds from a TV editor to a Navy SEAL. Non-technical members offer empathy by relating to customers’ learning curves, reassuring them about technical tasks like checking the browser console. They also help technical colleagues become better teachers by demanding simple explanations of complex issues, crucial when the company ships daily updates and needs clear instructions for tasks like configuring DNS records. Fresh perspectives from non-technical backgrounds challenge established workflows and spark creativity, leading to more personal and enjoyable support.
Track These 5 Customer Support Metrics to Boost Efficiency
The post presents five customer support metrics the author found useful while scaling Intercom’s team to over 15,000 customers. It warns against using data as a crystal ball and advises keeping metrics in perspective. Total conversations reveal support trends but can mislead if used alone. Conversations per teammate per day is central to hiring planning, with Intercom adjusting its target from 35 to 30 as the team grew. Response time should be examined via median and 90th percentile, not just average, and grouped by hour and day to detect understaffed periods. Customer satisfaction is measured through lightweight surveys like a simple Good/OK/Bad link or a Net Promoter Score to anticipate churn.
More Than Support Tickets: You Need Customer Conversations
Outdated support ticketing models depersonalize customer experience, treating them like they are waiting in line at the DMV. The article by Ruairí Galavan advocates for conversational support where every interaction is a personal one-to-one conversation that builds relationships. Ten guidelines are provided: talk like a human using first names, personalize saved replies, explain with gifs or phone, never blame the customer, use emoji, employ an invitational exit, know the product thoroughly, make resolution the goal, never assume technical knowledge, and proactively answer follow-up questions. Agents should show rather than tell using gifs, maintain a human tone even after the issue is resolved, and never make customers feel like a support ticket. Businesses that do not adopt this personal approach risk losing customers to competitors who already have.
Our new book: Intercom on Customer Support - The Intercom Blog
Intercom published its third book, Intercom on Customer Support, sharing principles used while scaling to over 8,000 customers across 85 countries. The book examines customer support from three angles: starting and scaling a team, planning the quality of support, and ensuring support has positive relationships with other teams. It argues that quality customer support is a competitive advantage, not a cost, aligning with Forrester’s “age of the customer” concept from 2011. Two key macro trends—all businesses becoming internet businesses and the shift to recurring revenue—place the future lifetime revenue of the customer at the center of every support discussion. As boundaries between sales and support dissolve, the book addresses challenges like supporting free users, scaling the team, and controlling costs, while remaining tool- and tactic-agnostic.
Effective messages have real goals - The Intercom Blog
Defining a clear goal before sending a customer message is essential for effectiveness and guides message structure. Real goals should focus on eliciting user behavior change such as more frequent product usage, updating billing details, or trying a new feature, not on intermediate metrics like open or click-through rates. Intercom’s Message Goals feature lets you see message impact and measure success against your objective. Onboarding messages should ask users their own goals, new feature messages should explain user benefits to increase adoption or usage frequency, and announcements must ensure recipients understand implications and any required action. Newsletters can stay top of mind, reward paying customer loyalty, or re-engage lapsed users, while surveys should gather quality data to drive business decisions rather than maximizing quantity.
Top topics
- Architecture834
- Performance816
- LLMs660
- Machine Learning622
- Open Source563
- AI Agents553
- AI470
- Developer Experience448
Weekly digest
The best engineering reads, once a week.