What Is an AI Factory? Power In, Tokens Out
An AI factory is a fixed power and cooling budget converted into model output. This explainer maps its four parts and the throughput-per-watt trade-offs that connect them.
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An AI factory is a fixed power and cooling budget converted into model output. This explainer maps its four parts and the throughput-per-watt trade-offs that connect them.
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AI factories often underutilize power capacity due to static provisioning for peak GPU draw. NVIDIA DSX MaxLPS uses policy-governed dynamic power allocation to reclaim stranded capacity. In a joint evaluation with Nscale using Kimi K2.5 workloads on GB300 NVL72 systems, DSX MaxLPS enabled 37% more GPUs (192 vs 140) within the same 264.4 kW budget. Aggregate throughput increased 49.2% to 1.62 million tokens/s, while per-instance throughput remained unchanged and median latency stayed within 5% of baseline. However, P99 time to first token increased 17%, highlighting the need to evaluate tail latency alongside capacity gains.
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