Copy-and-Replay vs Branch-at-a-Point: Two Backup Recovery Paths
A side-by-side comparison of copy-and-replay recovery and branch-at-a-point restores, showing why restore time scales with data size in one model and not the other.
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Postgres
301 posts about Postgres. Every summary links to the original.
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Agent Memory: What Outlives the Run
Agent memory is the knowledge that survives a run, not the working state inside one. This explainer separates the two, then maps the write path, the read path, and the database limits that cap recall.
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Supabase Beta January 2022
Supabase announced product updates, platform improvements, and community resources released during January 2022. The platform expanded authentication options by adding Notion and LinkedIn OAuth support alongside Vonage and Textlocal SMS providers for one-time passwords. Observability tooling gained SQL querying capabilities for logs, timestamp filtering, and expanded time spans across project usage charts to accelerate issue diagnosis. Database infrastructure advanced with the release of pg_graphql version 0.1.0 introducing SQL Comment Directives, while PostgREST replaced pg_listen with built-in schema reloading and automated compute-based connection pool scaling. To streamline customer assistance, a priority selector was added to dashboard support forms with urgent tiers for paid projects.
Supabase Beta December 2021
Supabase announced a series of platform updates, educational content, and community milestones for December 2021. PostgreSQL instances now include the pg_sodium extension, enabling users to perform encryption, decryption, hashing, and cryptographic signing directly within database queries and functions through the Supabase Dashboard. The release details educational video guides demonstrating remote procedure calls from JavaScript, invoking external HTTP endpoints from database functions, and setting up triggers to run SQL on table modifications. In addition to ecosystem updates featuring new Python library releases and integrations with Divjoy and n8n, the project surpassed 26,000 GitHub stars and opened fully remote job positions across engineering, marketing, and human resources.
Free Postgres Databases
Fly.io announces that Postgres is now available at no cost for small projects, addressing the storage cost that has kept persistent data out of its existing free tier. The offering adds 3GB of persistent volume space through LVM block devices as small as 1GB, alongside the free VM and RAM allowance. Production deployments use intentional two-node Postgres clusters with data on two isolated NVMe drives and volume snapshots, while a free setup begins as a single Development node and becomes a leader-replica cluster when scaled. The volumes are not limited to Postgres: applications can mount up to 3GB for SQLite or other uses. A credit card is still required for free services, which the post says helps deter cryptocurrency-mining abuse of free VMs.
Supabase Beta November 2021: Launch Week Recap
Supabase celebrated its third Launch Week and one year in beta by rolling out several major infrastructure and tooling updates. The company open-sourced its Dashboard for self-hosting and integrated Logflare to provide searchable database and API logs directly in the interface. For database querying and APIs, Supabase introduced a Postgres extension that resolves each GraphQL request with a single SQL statement to minimize network IO overhead, while upgrading its default hosted database to PostgreSQL 14 and deploying PostgREST 9.0. Security capabilities were expanded by enabling Row Level Security policies across the Realtime API to restrict streams and subscriptions on a per-user basis. Additional releases during the week included faster media file delivery, an open-sourced launch methodology, and a free course combining Next.js, Stripe, and Supabase.
Five more things
Supabase announced a series of platform updates, technical releases, and community initiatives to conclude its Launch Week. The team open-sourced pg_graphql, an in-progress PostgreSQL extension that keeps schema generation, query parsing, and resolvers natively on the database server. Supabase also enabled a global CDN spanning over 250 cities, delivering edge caching with a default one-hour cache time for storage assets alongside TLS 1.3, HTTP/3 over QUIC, and Brotli compression. While Supabase Functions is not yet released, two public RFCs were opened to explore architecture options, leaning heavily toward container-based execution. Finally, the update introduced a free SaaS development course with egghead.io and launched the ten-day Holiday Hackdays hackathon.
pg_graphql: A GraphQL extension for PostgreSQL
Supabase has open-sourced pg_graphql, a native PostgreSQL extension written in C and SQL that enables in-database GraphQL schema reflection and query resolution. Because free-tier virtual machines lacked memory headroom for standalone GraphQL processes like Hasura or Graphile, the team designed an in-engine solution to eliminate extra runtime overhead. The extension parses, validates, and transpiles incoming GraphQL operations into single SQL statements that aggregate data into JSON responses. This architecture avoids N+1 query problems, enforces existing row-level security policies, and maps GraphQL requests directly onto PostgreSQL transactions. The public SQL function can be queried directly or exposed over HTTP via PostgREST remote procedure calls.
Supabase acquires Logflare
Supabase announced the acquisition of Logflare, a realtime log ingestion and analytics platform. Modern database architectures encompass APIs, authentication, storage, and CDNs, requiring unified observability to diagnose slow queries and trace user requests effectively. Built with Elixir—the same language powering Supabase's Realtime Engine—Logflare automates schema adaptation for streaming inserts and enables developers to construct APIs from SQL queries via Logflare Endpoints. The integration roadmap includes embedding log querying with SQL directly into the Supabase Dashboard, maintaining existing integrations for Vercel and Cloudflare, and transitioning Logflare toward a fully open-source implementation with multiple backend storage engines. Over the coming months, existing Logflare users will be migrated to the Supabase platform under matching pricing tiers.
Realtime Postgres RLS now available on Supabase
Supabase updated its Realtime server to enforce PostgreSQL Row Level Security (RLS) policies when broadcasting database changes over websockets. Previously, Realtime operated as an opt-in beta feature that sent all replication changes to every client regardless of user authorization. To enforce RLS per subscriber without heavy performance overhead, Supabase introduced WALRUS, a security engine colocated inside PostgreSQL. For each replication change, WALRUS looks up active subscribers, assumes their identities, and evaluates row visibility using prepared statements queried by primary key. This in-database evaluation avoids external network round trips and single-query planning overhead while returning an authorized subscriber list to Realtime.
Supabase Studio
Supabase has released Supabase Studio, making the web dashboard used on its hosted platform available for local development and self-hosted environments. The dashboard originally existed within a single internal monorepo alongside cloud infrastructure, but managing split repositories and code synchronization significantly slowed down production release cycles. To streamline development, the team unified the frontend into a single open-source codebase modeled after Sentry's shared architecture strategy. Built with Next.js, Tailwind CSS, Supabase UI, and MobX, the application works directly with existing deployments across Docker and the Supabase CLI. The open-source release focuses strictly on database management features, including SQL editors, role policies, and extensions, while excluding cloud project administration.
Community Day
Supabase kicked off its Launch Week by showcasing integrations, ecosystem updates, and community contributions across its open-source stack. The platform announced that all hosted projects are upgrading to PostgREST 9, introducing inner joins, functions with unnamed parameters, and PostgreSQL 14 compatibility. Through community contributions, Supabase expanded authentication options to include Slack, Spotify, and MessageBird alongside existing providers. Updates to the Python ecosystem include package renaming to supabase, synchronous operation support in postgrest-py, and a rewritten gotrue-py matching JavaScript feature parity. Additionally, Supabase partnered with GitGuardian to automate secret detection and remediation across development lifecycles, protecting sensitive database service role keys.
New in PostgreSQL 14: What every developer should know
PostgreSQL 14 introduces several enhancements to improve application performance, data manipulation, query troubleshooting, and database security. Developers can traverse nested JSON data structures using subscripting and store noncontiguous values using multirange data types in single operations. Applications relying on libpq can leverage client-side query pipelining to send multiple queries across high-latency networks without waiting for individual responses, while parallel execution now supports foreign data wrappers, parallel sequential scans, and materialized view refreshes. For observability, query IDs are integrated into live execution tracking via pg_stat_activity, EXPLAIN VERBOSE outputs, and log files. Security upgrades include predefined read-only roles such as pg_read_all_data alongside SCRAM-SHA-256 enabled as the default authentication mechanism.
PostgREST 9
PostgREST 9 introduces several core updates to the tool that turns PostgreSQL databases into RESTful APIs. Developers can now perform inner joins when embedding tables using the !inner keyword, allowing top-level table rows to be filtered directly by embedded table attributes across multiple operators. The release also adds support for POST requests to functions containing a single unnamed parameter, which simplifies handling raw JSON payloads sent by external webhooks. To ensure compatibility with PostgreSQL 14, custom authentication functions accessing HTTP context headers and JWT claims must be updated to parse JSON properties from consolidated settings. Additional enhancements included in this version provide support for partitioned tables alongside documentation improvements and bug fixes.
Supabase Beta October 2021
Supabase announced its October 2021 beta release, introducing three new authentication providers for Slack, Spotify, and MessageBird phone logins. The platform rolled out database multi-schema support, enabling users to browse different database schemas directly within the Dashboard interface and query them through the PostgREST API after enabling schema access. Documentation and instructional resources were expanded to cover PostgreSQL functions, authentication server-side functions, RedwoodJS quickstarts, self-hosting architectures, and production readiness checklists. In addition to ecosystem releases such as supabase-py v0.0.3, nuxt-supabase v2.2.1, and vue-supabase v2.2.3, the project reached over 21,268 GitHub stars. The team also announced Launch Week III: The Trilogy, set to begin on November 29th on Discord.
Supabase $30m Series A
Supabase announced a $30 million Series A funding round led by Coatue, bringing its total funding to $36 million. The company aims to provide an open source alternative to Firebase while addressing the scalability limitations typical of abstracted database platforms. Rather than building a compatibility layer, Supabase provisions a full PostgreSQL database for every project alongside integrated authentication, storage, RESTful APIs, and realtime data streaming. Platform features rely directly on core PostgreSQL primitives, including Row Level Security policies, database triggers, and logical replication streams. Funding will support long-term development of a cloud-native PostgreSQL platform offering database branching, distributed read-write nodes, scalable storage, and ephemeral compute that scales down to zero.
Replenysh uses Supabase to implement OTP in less than 24-hours
Replenysh builds infrastructure connecting brands with local communities to track, monetize, and recover used packaging and materials. The engineering team previously maintained their own backend infrastructure, pairing custom Twilio and password authentication with a Haskell server and a Postgres database on Heroku. Seeking to accelerate development velocity and minimize ongoing DevOps maintenance during a codebase refactor, Replenysh required an alternative backend platform that preserved relational Postgres and Row Level Security. The team selected Supabase over alternatives like Firebase because it provided native Row Level Security alongside built-in authentication tooling. By adopting Supabase Auth, Replenysh successfully implemented an SMS one-time password system in less than 24 hours before deploying their mobile application to production.
Supabase Beta Sept 2021
The September 2021 beta update for Supabase outlines several product enhancements, documentation revamps, and community milestones. Developers using the JavaScript library can now leverage AbortController support to cancel long-running queries. Multiple PostgreSQL capabilities have been surfaced directly within the Supabase Dashboard, allowing users to apply custom column types, configure unique constraints on tables, view and edit columns in bulk, and manage table relationships spanning multiple schemas. In addition, the authentication documentation has been restructured into dedicated sections for Authentication and Authorization alongside an accompanying deep dive series. The update also marks two years since the initial commit to the Realtime Postgres engine, details upcoming events such as a Hacktoberfest hackathon, and announces open hiring for Site Reliability Engineers.
Supabase Beta August 2021
Supabase announced a thirty million dollar Series A funding round alongside multiple product updates and platform improvements during August 2021. The team opened an RFC for WALRUS, an initiative aimed at bringing Row Level Security to Postgres subscriptions via Write Ahead Log Realtime Unified Security. Auth updates included customizable SMS login messages, HCaptcha integration for passwordless authentication, and a revised email change flow that notifies both old and new addresses. Platform enhancements introduced a twelfth hosting region in Seoul, improved CSV importing for large files, and Dart reference documentation covering CRUD, Auth, and Realtime operations. Supabase reiterated an ongoing engineering focus on security, performance, and reliability to prepare the platform for production readiness across all workloads.
Supabase Beta July 2021
Supabase concluded July 2021 with its second Launch Week event, delivering daily product updates and infrastructure upgrades across its platform. Authentication features expanded to support SMS logins through Twilio, Twitch authentication, and API endpoints for generating custom email authentication links. Storage capabilities were upgraded to include media streaming, public buckets, directory uploads, and speed improvements, alongside dashboard enhancements for usage statistics and database insights. Furthermore, all newly created Supabase projects now run PostgreSQL 13.3 by default, and instances incorporate the updated PostgREST version 8.0 server to generate CRUD APIs. The release also introduced preliminary components for Supabase functions as development continues toward general availability.
Updates for Supabase Functions
Supabase has announced an Alpha release of Database Webhooks alongside dashboard management tools for native PostgreSQL Functions and Triggers. Database Webhooks act as a wrapper around PostgreSQL triggers, asynchronously emitting HTTP GET and POST requests whenever table data is inserted, updated, or deleted. The networking layer relies on a new PostgreSQL extension called pg_net, which pairs a PostgreSQL background worker queue with libcurl to handle multiple concurrent outbound requests without blocking SQL queries. Although pg_net currently processes over 300 requests per second, Supabase plans to expand capabilities to include direct triggers for AWS Lambda and Google Cloud Run before launching dedicated Supabase Functions.
Supabase Reports and Metrics
Supabase introduced a dedicated Reports section and updated project home pages to deliver observability across hosted Postgres projects and complementary services. Because developers can run unconstrained database queries and custom workloads, monitoring both project-level service usage and underlying infrastructure metrics is essential. The new dashboard displays one month of historical data, including CPU and memory usage alongside request volumes for Database, Auth, and Storage APIs. To collect metrics across hundreds of thousands of targets without high latency, Supabase implemented a federated monitoring architecture running regional Prometheus instances that scrape local exporters and aggregate subsets into a central VictoriaMetrics instance. All project databases now also launch with the pg_stat_statements extension enabled for future query statistics.
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